Dilema Keamanan Manusia dalam Implementasi Migrasi Iklim Terencana pada Perjanjian Falepili Union Australia-Tuvalu
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66749/7ajrnq03Keywords:
Migrasi Iklim, Falepili Union, Keamanan Manusia, Kerentanan Bersama, Resiliensi KomunitasAbstract
Tuvalu tengah menghadapi situasi genting imbas semakin abnormalnya laju perubahan iklim yang berpotensi menenggelamkan wilayah negara kepulauan dataran rendah di Pasifik ini. Tak hanya ancaman fisik, ketidakamanan tersebut turut mengancam kelangsungan hidup hingga identitas sosiokultural masyarakat Tuvalu. Inisiasi skema mobilitas iklim terencana di bawah kerangka Perjanjian Falepili Union antara Pemerintah Australia dan Tuvalu membawa solusi revolusioner dengan menawarkan akses kuota visa residensi bagi masyarakat Tuvalu untuk bermukim di Australia. Meski kesempatan ini menawarkan sejumlah nilai imbal balik bagi resiliensi Tuvalu, implementasi ini berpotensi erosif terhadap dimensi keamanan manusia masyarakat Tuvalu sebagai kelompok masyarakat adat rentan yang menjunjung keterikatan spiritual dengan tanah leluhurnya dan nilai kolektivisme. Dengan mengaplikasikan metode pendekatan kualitatif dalam spektrum epistemologi interpretivisme, artikel ini ditujukan untuk menganalisis dan mengelaborasi kondisi dilematis yang dihadapi masyarakat Tuvalu melalui konsep kerentanan bersama (mutual vulnerability) yang mencakup ketidakamanan (insecurity) pada dimensi lingkungan, ekonomi, dan sosiokultural. Hasil penelitian merefleksikan signifikansi pendekatan multidimensi keamanan manusia dalam implementasi solusi adaptasi iklim yang mampu memahami konteks kehidupan dan narasi masyarakat Tuvalu untuk melindungi martabat dan resiliensi komunitasnya.
Downloads
References
Adegunju, A. (2025). Cultural Amnesia: The Curriculum of Repression and Assimilation. Currere Exchange Journal, 9(1).
Akel, R. (2024). Keeping the Refugee Convention Relevant: Expanding Protection for Environmentally Displaced Populations. Rice University’s for Public Policy Baker Institute.
Amelia, S. V. (2025). Analysis of Australia’s Strategic Interest against China from the Falepili Agreement in 2023 with Tuvalu: Perspective Of Walt's Balance Of Threats (Thesis). Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta. http://repository.upnvj.ac.id/39192/
Asian Development Bank. (2026). Basic Statistics, Asia and the Pacific 2026. https://data.adb.org/dataset/basic-statistics-asia-and-pacific
Aulia, L. (2025, July 23). “Migrasi Iklim” di Depan Mata, 80 Persen Warga Tuvalu Cari Visa Iklim di Australia. Kompas. https://www.kompas.id/artikel/migrasi-iklim-di-depan-mata-80-persen-warga-tuvalu-cari-visa-iklim-ke-australia
Australia-Tuvalu Falepili Union Treaty, November 9, 2023, https://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/tuvalu/australia-tuvalu-falepili-union-treaty
Barnett, J., Farbotko, C., Kitara, T., and Aselu, B. (2025). Migration as Adaptation? The Falepili Union Between Australia and Tuvalu. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 16 (1). https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.924
Bazela, M. & Robinson, J. C. (2025). The Risk of Climate-Induced Migration in Tuvalu: Lessons and Way Forward. The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Civic and Political Studies, 20(1), 125-141. https://doi.org/10.18848/2327-0071/CGP/v20i01/125-141
Boas, I. (2015). Climate Migration and Security: Securitisation as a Strategy in Climate Change Politics. Routledge.
Buzan, B. (1983). People, states and fear: an agenda for international security studies in the post-Cold War era. Pearson Education.
Buzan, B. (1991). New Patterns of Global Security in the Twenty-first Century. International Affairs, 67(3), 431-451. https://doi.org/10.2307/2621945
Elina, A. N. (2025). Kebijakan Luar Negeri Australia dalam Mempertahankan Posisinya di Pasifik Selatan melalui Perjanjian Falepili dengan Tuvalu Tahun 2023-2024. Global Insights Journal, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.36859/gij.v2i1.4250
Explanatory Memorandum - Falepili Union Between Tuvalu and Australia, May 8, 2024. https://www.dfat.gov.au/sites/default/files/explanatory-memorandum-falepili-union-between-tuvalu-australia.pdf
Farbotko, C. (2025, January 24). Climate Change, International Migration and Self Determination: Lessons from Tuvalu (Issue Brief No. 208). Toda Peace Institute. https://toda.org/publications/policy-briefs-and-reports/report-208-full-text/
Farbotko, C., Kitara, T., Dun, O., & Evans, C. (2022). A climate justice perspective on international labour migration and climate change adaptation among Tuvaluan workers. Oxford Open Climate Change, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfclm/kgac002
Farbotko, C. & Kitara, T. (2023, November 24). Tuvalu, Australia, and the Falepili Union. Australian Institute of International Affairs. https://www.internationalaffairs.org.au/australianoutlook/tuvalu-australia-and-the-falepili-union/
Frölicher, T. L., Fischer, E. M., & Gruber, N. (2018). Marine heatwaves under global warming. Nature, 560(7718), 360–364.
Gamboa, L. & Goh, D. (2025). Australia-Tuvalu Falepili Union: The First Bilateral Climate Mobility Treaty. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Article [Online]. https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2025/09/australia-tuvalu-falepili-union-the-first-bilateral-climate-mobility-treaty
Gibson, K. E., Barnett, J., Haslam, N., & Kaplan, I. (2020). The mental health impacts of climate change: Findings from a Pacific Island atoll nation. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102237
Green, A. & Guilfoyle, D. (2024). The Australia-Tuvalu Falepili Union Treaty: Statehood and Security in the Face of Anthropogenic Climate Change. American Journal of International Law, 118(4), 684-703. https://doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2024.54
Hampson, F. O. (2008). Human Security. In P. D. Williams (Ed.), Security Studies: An Introduction (pp. 229-243). Routledge.
International Court of Justice (ICJ). (2024). Obligations of States in Respect of Climate Change (Request for Advisory Opinion) - Written Statement of Tuvalu. https://icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/187/187-20240322-wri-05-00-en.pdf
Jiang, X., Huang, Z., & Zhao, X. (2025). Climate-related migration practices from the Cancun Adaptation Framework to the Australia-Tuvalu Falepili Union treaty: Implications for the international legal regime. Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, 34(1), 210-227. https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12611
Kinsella, L. (2026, April 18). The truth about Australia’s immigration debate in six charts. Australian Financial Review. https://www.afr.com/policy/economy/the-truth-about-australia-s-immigration-debate-in-six-charts-20260202-p5nysj
Kitara, T. & Farbotko, C. (2023). This is not Climate Justice: The Australia-Tuvalu Falepili Union. Toda Peace Institute Global Outlook.
Lamont, C. (2015). Research Method in International Relations. SAGE Publications.
Lowy Institute. (n.d.) Pacific Aid Map [Tuvalu]. https://pacificaidmap.lowyinstitute.org/country/tuvalu/#6.197/178.571/-7.741
Luahambowo, K. S. O., Sugiharto, S., Putra, M., Sembiring, S., & Marpaung, V. (2025). Analisis Geopolitik Dampak Perubahan Iklim terhadap Ketahanan Negara-Negara Kepulauan di Pasifik. Cendekia: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin, 2(1), 1-4.
Macrotrends. (2025). Tuvalu Population (1990-2025). https://www.macrotrends.net/global-metrics/countries/tuv/tuvalu/population#
Mayer, P. & Khorana, S. (2025, December 2). Immigration panic comes in waves. Data shows who worries most, and when. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/immigration-panic-comes-in-waves-data-shows-who-worries-most-and-when-270565
McAdamm, J. (2025, June 27). 1 in 3 Tuvaluans is bidding for a new ‘climate visa’ to Australia – here’s why everyone may ultimately end up applying. TheConversation. https://theconversation.com/1-in-3-tuvaluans-is-bidding-for-a-new-climate-visa-to-australia-heres-why-everyone-may-ultimately-end-up-applying-259990
McClain, S. N. & Bruch, C. (2021). Migration with Dignity: A Framework to Manage Climate Change and Prevent Conflict. Peace & Justice Studies Association, Climate (Spring 2021).
NASA Sea Level Change Team. (August 30, 2024). Sea Level Summary for Funafuti, Tuvalu. https://sealevel.nasa.gov/internal_resources/519/Funafuti_Tuvalu_combined.pdf
Needham, K. (2024). Sinking Tuvalu fights to keep maritime boundaries as sea levels rise. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/investigations/sinking-tuvalu-fights-keep-maritime-boundaries-sea-levels-rise-2024-09-24/
Nef, J. (1995). Human Security and Mutual Vulnerability: An Exploration into the Global Political Economy of Development and Underdevelopment. International Development Research Centre.
Nugraha, M. E. (2025). Sea Level Rise and Mass Displacement: An Existential Threat to Pacific Island States. Triwikrama: Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu Sosial, 9(9).
Office of the Prime Minister of Australia: The Hon Anthony Albanese MP. (2023, November 10). Press conference - Rarotonga, Cook Islands [Press release]. https://www.pm.gov.au/media/press-conference-rarotonga-cook-islands
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Zulaikha Dzatil Izzah Rasidin (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
